Testmiljö
Observera att detta är en testmiljö för utveckling som inte ska användas som underlag för klinisk bedömning. Besök Janusmed här: https://janusmed.se

4/8/2025

Janusmed kön och genus

Janusmed kön och genus – Amimox

Janusmed kön och genus är ett kunskapsstöd som tillhandahåller information om köns- och genusaspekter på läkemedelsbehandling. Kunskapsstödet är avsedd främst för hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal. Texterna är generella och ska inte ses som behandlingsriktlinjer. Det är alltid behandlande läkare som ansvarar för patientens medicinering.

För att komma till startsidan för Janusmed kön och genus och för att göra sökningar klicka här.

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A A
A A

Amoxicillin Testmiljö

Amoxicillin

Klass : A

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Produkter

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Amimox, Amoclav, Amotaks, Amoxi 500 - 1 A Pharma, Amoxi-Clavulan STADA......

Amimox, Amoclav, Amotaks, Amoxi 500 - 1 A Pharma, Amoxi-Clavulan STADA, Amoxi-Mepha, Amoxicilina Ardine, Amoxicilina Normon, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin 2care4, Amoxicillin AB, Amoxicillin AL, Amoxicillin Aurobindo, Amoxicillin Ebb, Amoxicillin Krka, Amoxicillin Micro Labs, Amoxicillin Mylan, Amoxicillin PUREN, Amoxicillin Sandoz, Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium, Amoxicillin-ratiopharm, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid 2care4, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid Actavis, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid Aurobindo, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid BB, Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure AL, Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure Heumann, Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure Micro Labs, Amoxicillin/Klavulansyra 2care4, Amoxicillin/Klavulansyra Ebb, Amoxicilline Aurobindo Disper, Amoxicilline Disp Teva, Amoxicilline Sandoz, Amoxicilline Sandoz Forte, Amoxicilline/Clavulaanzuur Mylan, Amoxicilline/Clavulaanzuur Sandoz, Amoxil Vials for Injection 500 mg, Augmentin, Augmentin i.v., Betaklav, Bioclavid, CLAVULIN, Co-amoxiclav, DAP-amoxicillin, Imacillin, Imaxi, Infectomox 500 Saft, Jamp-Amoxicillin, Klaximol, Nexium HP, Spektramox, Xilmac
ATC-koder

A02BD06, J01CA04, J01CR02, V01AA20

A02BD06, J01CA04, J01CR02, V01AA20
Substanser

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amoxicillin, amoxicillinnatrium, amoxicillintrihydrat, kaliumklavulana......

amoxicillin, amoxicillinnatrium, amoxicillintrihydrat, kaliumklavulanat, klavulansyra
Sammanfattning

Vissa studier har rapporterat mer resistens mot amoxicillin hos pojkar/män medan andra studier inte har påvisat någon könsskillnad. Inga könsberoende biverkningar har rapporterats.

Vissa studier har rapporterat mer resistens mot amoxicillin hos pojkar/män medan andra studier inte har påvisat någon könsskillnad. Inga könsberoende biverkningar har rapporterats.
Background

Pharmacokinetics and dosing
In a pharmacokinetic study (without significance calculations) in healthy volunteers (6 men, 6 women) amoxicillin mean half-life was shorter in men than in women (54 min vs. 73 min) after a single dose (500 mg). Higher concentration of amoxicillin was found in the men’s urine. However, no differences in exposure between men and women were shown [1].

A pharmacokinetic study (17 women) described significant changes in amoxicillin pharmacokinetics during pregnancy, in comparison to postpartum circumstances. Amoxicillin exposure was lower in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy than three months postpartum. On the contrary, creatinine clearance and amoxicillin renal clearance and secretion were higher during pregnancy. Plasma half-life of amoxicillin was shorter in the second and third trimesters than postpartum [2].

No sex differentiation in dosing has been recommended by the pharmaceutical company [3].

Effects
Resistance patterns for pathogens often differ between populations. A Dutch study comparing resistance in urinary samples (917 from wom......

Visa hela bakgrundstexten

# Pharmacokinetics and dosing In a pharmacokinetic study (without significance calculations) in healthy volunteers (6 men, 6 women) amoxicillin mean half-life was shorter in men than in women (54 min vs. 73 min) after a single dose (500 mg). Higher concentration of amoxicillin was found in the men’s urine. However, no differences in exposure between men and women were shown [1]. A pharmacokinetic study (17 women) described significant changes in amoxicillin pharmacokinetics during pregnancy, in comparison to postpartum circumstances. Amoxicillin exposure was lower in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy than three months postpartum. On the contrary, creatinine clearance and amoxicillin renal clearance and secretion were higher during pregnancy. Plasma half-life of amoxicillin was shorter in the second and third trimesters than postpartum [2]. No sex differentiation in dosing has been recommended by the pharmaceutical company [3]. # Effects Resistance patterns for pathogens often differ between populations. A Dutch study comparing resistance in urinary samples (917 from women, 560 from men) found no difference between men and women in _E.coli_ susceptibility to amoxicillin [4,5]. An American study of urinary _E. coli_ isolates (2274 men, 32 265 women) has described age- and sex-specific antibiotic susceptibility patterns for ampicillin, amoxicillin clavulanate, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid susceptibility was similar in men and women (56.9% vs. 67.3%). Age-specific susceptibilities differed between men and women for all antibiotics studieds except trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. However, the magnitude of the observed differences was generally less than 5% and the authors suggest that they may not represent clinically meaningful differences [6]. In contrast to this a Portuguese retrospective analysis of urinary samples (34 898 (22%) from men and 120 691 (78%) from women ) amoxicillin resistance was more common in male urinary samples positive for _E. coli_ and_ P. mirabilis_ [7]. Also an Austrian study found amoxicillin resistance rates to be higher in male urinary samples positive for _E.coli_ (24 967 (21%) from men and 95 068 (79%) from women) [8]. An American meta-analysis (in total 3624 men and women) evaluating risk factors for resistance to _H. pylori_ found no association between amoxicillin resistance and patient’s sex [9]. Urine cultures from pediatric patients (aged 0-36 months) at an emergency department was analyzed for age- and sex-specific differences. Fewer boys than girls were cultured at all ages, but their overall positive culture rate was higher than for girls (10.9% vs. 8.4%). Boys had a higher proportion of Gram-positive organisms than girls (52.3% vs. 18.6%), which suggests that boys might benefit more from trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid than from third-generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone) [10]. The benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing infections after craniotomy has been evaluated based on surveillance data of infections after craniotomy (one including 4 878 men and women, the other study 3134 men, 3109 women) [11,12]. In both studies, patients received cloxacillin or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Results showed that antibiotic prophylaxis decreased infections rates [11] but did not prevent meningitis [12]. Male sex was among risk factors for infection and meningitis. # Adverse effects Amoxicillin use is associated with antibiotic-induced rash. In a retrospective study of pediatric patients (106 boys, 132 girls; mean age 6.13 years) with Epstein Barr acute infectious mononucleosis, amoxicillin was associated with higher incidence of antibiotic-induced rash than penicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalosporines, and macrolides. Nno sex differences in rash incidence were seen between patients who did and did not develop antibiotic-induced rash [13]. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid can induce idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Clinical studies have reported a higher incidence of DILI in women with certain drugs such as nitrofurantoin, flucloxacillin, erythromycin and isoniazid [14]. A study of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid induced DILI (35 men, 26 women) showed association with certain HLA I and II genotypes [15]. Probiotic supplement to reduce occurrence of side effects of _H. pylori_ infection were evaluated in a Spanish randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients with _H. pylori_ infection (78 men, 131 women) received one of two eradication treatments (PPI, clarithromycin and amoxicillin, or PPI, clarithromycin, amoxicillin and metronidazole) were randomized to either receive probiotic or placebo. Female sex and quadruple therapy were independent predictors of side effects (taste disturbance, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, bloating, nausea and vomiting) [16]. # Reproductive health issues Regarding teratogenic aspects, please consult Janusmed Drugs and Birth Defects (in Swedish, Janusmed fosterpåverkan).
Försäljning på recept

Visa hela försäljning på recept

Fler kvinnor än män hämtade ut läkemedel innehållande amoxicillin (ATC-kod J01CA04) på recept i Sverige år 2019, totalt 72 699 kvinnor och 65 324 män. Det motsvarar 14 respektive 13 personer per tusen invånare. Andelen som hämtat ut läkemedel var högst i åldersgrupperna 0-4 år och 70 år och äldre hos båda könen. I åldersgrupperna 0-4 år och 75 år och äldre var läkemedel innehållande amoxicillin i genomsnitt 1,3 gånger vanligare hos pojkar/män och i åldersgruppen 10-69 år i genomsnitt 1,4 gånger vanligare hos flickor/kvinnor [17].
Referenser

Visa referenser

  1. Philipson A, Sabath LD, Rosner B. Sequence effect on ampicillin blood levels noted in an amoxicillin, ampicillin, and epicillin triple crossover study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1975;8:311-20.

  2. Andrew MA, Easterling TR, Carr DB, Shen D, Buchanan ML, Rutherford T et al. Amoxicillin pharmacokinetics in pregnant women: modeling and simulations of dosage strategies. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007;81:547-56.

  3. Amimox (amoxicillin). Summary of Product Characteristics. Swedish Medical Products Agency [updated 2019-10-23, cited 2020-04-22]

  4. den Heijer CD, Donker GA, Maes J, Stobberingh EE. Antibiotic susceptibility of unselected uropathogenic Escherichia coli from female Dutch general practice patients: a comparison of two surveys with a 5 year interval. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010;65:2128-33.

  5. den Heijer CD, Penders J, Donker GA, Bruggeman CA, Stobberingh EE. The importance of gender-stratified antibiotic resistance surveillance of unselected uropathogens: a Dutch Nationwide Extramural Surveillance study. PLoS One. 2013;8:e60497.

  6. McGregor JC, Elman MR, Bearden DT, Smith DH. Sex- and age-specific trends in antibiotic resistance patterns of Escherichia coli urinary isolates from outpatients. BMC Fam Pract. 2013;14:25.

  7. Linhares I, Raposo T, Rodrigues A, Almeida A. Frequency and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria implicated in community urinary tract infections: a ten-year surveillance study (2000-2009). BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13:19.

  8. Badura A, Feierl G, Pregartner G, Krause R, Grisold AJ. Antibiotic resistance patterns of more than 120 000 clinical Escherichia coli isolates in Southeast Austria, 1998-2013. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015;21(6):569e1-7.

  9. Meyer JM, Silliman NP, Wang W, Siepman NY, Sugg JE, Morris D, Zhang J, Bhattacharyya H, King EC, Hopkins RJ. Risk factors for Helicobacter pylori resistance in the United States: the surveillance of H pylori antimicrobial resistance partnership (SHARP) study, 1993-1999. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136(1):13-24.

  10. Frumkin K. Bacteriology of urinary tract infections in emergency patients aged 0-36 months. J Emerg Med. 2015;84(4):405-15.

  11. Korinek AM, Golmard JL, Elcheick A, Bismuth R, van Effenterre R, Coriat P et al. Risk factors for neurosurgical site infections after craniotomy: a critical reappraisal of antibiotic prophylaxis on 4,578 patients. Br J Neurosurg. 2005;19:155-62.

  12. Korinek AM, Baugnon T, Golmard JL, van Effenterre R, Coriat P, Puybasset L. Risk factors for adult nosocomial meningitis after craniotomy: role of antibiotic prophylaxis. Neurosurgery. 2006;59:126-33; discussion 126-33.

  13. Chovel-Sella A, Ben Tov A, Lahav E, Mor O, Rudich H, Paret G et al. Incidence of rash after amoxicillin treatment in children with infectious mononucleosis. Pediatrics. 2013;131(5):e1424-7.

  14. Leise MD, Poterucha JJ, Talwalkar JA. Drug-induced liver injury. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014;89:95-106.

  15. Donaldson PT, Daly AK, Henderson J, Graham J, Pirmohamed M, Bernal W et al. Human leucocyte antigen class II genotype in susceptibility and resistance to co-amoxiclav-induced liver injury. J Hepatol. 2010;53:1049-53.

  16. McNicholl AG, Molina-Infante J, Lucendo AJ, Calleja JL, Pérez-Aisa Á, Modolell I, Aldeguer X, Calafat M, Comino L, Ramas M, Callejo Á, Badiola C, Serra J, Gisbert JP. Probiotic supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici for Helicobacter pylori therapy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Helicobacter. 2018;23(5):0.

  17. Statistikdatabas för läkemedel. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen. 2019 [cited 2020-03-10.]

  1. Philipson A, Sabath LD, Rosner B. Sequence effect on ampicillin blood levels noted in an amoxicillin, ampicillin, and epicillin triple crossover study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1975;8:311-20.
  2. Andrew MA, Easterling TR, Carr DB, Shen D, Buchanan ML, Rutherford T et al. Amoxicillin pharmacokinetics in pregnant women: modeling and simulations of dosage strategies. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007;81:547-56.
  3. Amimox (amoxicillin). Summary of Product Characteristics. Swedish Medical Products Agency [updated 2019-10-23, cited 2020-04-22]
  4. den Heijer CD, Donker GA, Maes J, Stobberingh EE. Antibiotic susceptibility of unselected uropathogenic Escherichia coli from female Dutch general practice patients: a comparison of two surveys with a 5 year interval. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010;65:2128-33.
  5. den Heijer CD, Penders J, Donker GA, Bruggeman CA, Stobberingh EE. The importance of gender-stratified antibiotic resistance surveillance of unselected uropathogens: a Dutch Nationwide Extramural Surveillance study. PLoS One. 2013;8:e60497.
  6. McGregor JC, Elman MR, Bearden DT, Smith DH. Sex- and age-specific trends in antibiotic resistance patterns of Escherichia coli urinary isolates from outpatients. BMC Fam Pract. 2013;14:25.
  7. Linhares I, Raposo T, Rodrigues A, Almeida A. Frequency and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria implicated in community urinary tract infections: a ten-year surveillance study (2000-2009). BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13:19.
  8. Badura A, Feierl G, Pregartner G, Krause R, Grisold AJ. Antibiotic resistance patterns of more than 120 000 clinical Escherichia coli isolates in Southeast Austria, 1998-2013. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015;21(6):569e1-7.
  9. Meyer JM, Silliman NP, Wang W, Siepman NY, Sugg JE, Morris D, Zhang J, Bhattacharyya H, King EC, Hopkins RJ. Risk factors for Helicobacter pylori resistance in the United States: the surveillance of H pylori antimicrobial resistance partnership (SHARP) study, 1993-1999. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136(1):13-24.
  10. Frumkin K. Bacteriology of urinary tract infections in emergency patients aged 0-36 months. J Emerg Med. 2015;84(4):405-15.
  11. Korinek AM, Golmard JL, Elcheick A, Bismuth R, van Effenterre R, Coriat P et al. Risk factors for neurosurgical site infections after craniotomy: a critical reappraisal of antibiotic prophylaxis on 4,578 patients. Br J Neurosurg. 2005;19:155-62.
  12. Korinek AM, Baugnon T, Golmard JL, van Effenterre R, Coriat P, Puybasset L. Risk factors for adult nosocomial meningitis after craniotomy: role of antibiotic prophylaxis. Neurosurgery. 2006;59:126-33; discussion 126-33.
  13. Chovel-Sella A, Ben Tov A, Lahav E, Mor O, Rudich H, Paret G et al. Incidence of rash after amoxicillin treatment in children with infectious mononucleosis. Pediatrics. 2013;131(5):e1424-7.
  14. Leise MD, Poterucha JJ, Talwalkar JA. Drug-induced liver injury. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014;89:95-106.
  15. Donaldson PT, Daly AK, Henderson J, Graham J, Pirmohamed M, Bernal W et al. Human leucocyte antigen class II genotype in susceptibility and resistance to co-amoxiclav-induced liver injury. J Hepatol. 2010;53:1049-53.
  16. McNicholl AG, Molina-Infante J, Lucendo AJ, Calleja JL, Pérez-Aisa Á, Modolell I, Aldeguer X, Calafat M, Comino L, Ramas M, Callejo Á, Badiola C, Serra J, Gisbert JP. Probiotic supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici for Helicobacter pylori therapy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Helicobacter. 2018;23(5):0.
  17. Statistikdatabas för läkemedel. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen. 2019 [cited 2020-03-10.]
Uppdaterat

Litteratursökningsdatum: 4/22/2020

Litteratursökningsdatum: 4/22/2020
Fasstexter

Visa fasstexter

Se även

Ampicillin

Nitrofurantoin

Trimetoprim + sulfametoxazol

A A
A A

Amoxicillin Testmiljö

Amoxicillin

Klass : A

Visa all info

Skriv ut

Kontakta oss

Produkter

Visa alla produkter

Amimox, Amoclav, Amotaks, Amoxi 500 - 1 A Pharma, Amoxi-Clavulan STADA......

Amimox, Amoclav, Amotaks, Amoxi 500 - 1 A Pharma, Amoxi-Clavulan STADA, Amoxi-Mepha, Amoxicilina Ardine, Amoxicilina Normon, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin 2care4, Amoxicillin AB, Amoxicillin AL, Amoxicillin Aurobindo, Amoxicillin Ebb, Amoxicillin Krka, Amoxicillin Micro Labs, Amoxicillin Mylan, Amoxicillin PUREN, Amoxicillin Sandoz, Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium, Amoxicillin-ratiopharm, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid 2care4, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid Actavis, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid Aurobindo, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid BB, Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure AL, Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure Heumann, Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure Micro Labs, Amoxicillin/Klavulansyra 2care4, Amoxicillin/Klavulansyra Ebb, Amoxicilline Aurobindo Disper, Amoxicilline Disp Teva, Amoxicilline Sandoz, Amoxicilline Sandoz Forte, Amoxicilline/Clavulaanzuur Mylan, Amoxicilline/Clavulaanzuur Sandoz, Amoxil Vials for Injection 500 mg, Augmentin, Augmentin i.v., Betaklav, Bioclavid, CLAVULIN, Co-amoxiclav, DAP-amoxicillin, Imacillin, Imaxi, Infectomox 500 Saft, Jamp-Amoxicillin, Klaximol, Nexium HP, Spektramox, Xilmac
ATC-koder

A02BD06, J01CA04, J01CR02, V01AA20

A02BD06, J01CA04, J01CR02, V01AA20
Substanser

Visa alla substanser

amoxicillin, amoxicillinnatrium, amoxicillintrihydrat, kaliumklavulana......

amoxicillin, amoxicillinnatrium, amoxicillintrihydrat, kaliumklavulanat, klavulansyra
Sammanfattning

Vissa studier har rapporterat mer resistens mot amoxicillin hos pojkar/män medan andra studier inte har påvisat någon könsskillnad. Inga könsberoende biverkningar har rapporterats.

Vissa studier har rapporterat mer resistens mot amoxicillin hos pojkar/män medan andra studier inte har påvisat någon könsskillnad. Inga könsberoende biverkningar har rapporterats.
Background

Pharmacokinetics and dosing
In a pharmacokinetic study (without significance calculations) in healthy volunteers (6 men, 6 women) amoxicillin mean half-life was shorter in men than in women (54 min vs. 73 min) after a single dose (500 mg). Higher concentration of amoxicillin was found in the men’s urine. However, no differences in exposure between men and women were shown [1].

A pharmacokinetic study (17 women) described significant changes in amoxicillin pharmacokinetics during pregnancy, in comparison to postpartum circumstances. Amoxicillin exposure was lower in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy than three months postpartum. On the contrary, creatinine clearance and amoxicillin renal clearance and secretion were higher during pregnancy. Plasma half-life of amoxicillin was shorter in the second and third trimesters than postpartum [2].

No sex differentiation in dosing has been recommended by the pharmaceutical company [3].

Effects
Resistance patterns for pathogens often differ between populations. A Dutch study comparing resistance in urinary samples (917 from wom......

Visa hela bakgrundstexten

# Pharmacokinetics and dosing In a pharmacokinetic study (without significance calculations) in healthy volunteers (6 men, 6 women) amoxicillin mean half-life was shorter in men than in women (54 min vs. 73 min) after a single dose (500 mg). Higher concentration of amoxicillin was found in the men’s urine. However, no differences in exposure between men and women were shown [1]. A pharmacokinetic study (17 women) described significant changes in amoxicillin pharmacokinetics during pregnancy, in comparison to postpartum circumstances. Amoxicillin exposure was lower in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy than three months postpartum. On the contrary, creatinine clearance and amoxicillin renal clearance and secretion were higher during pregnancy. Plasma half-life of amoxicillin was shorter in the second and third trimesters than postpartum [2]. No sex differentiation in dosing has been recommended by the pharmaceutical company [3]. # Effects Resistance patterns for pathogens often differ between populations. A Dutch study comparing resistance in urinary samples (917 from women, 560 from men) found no difference between men and women in _E.coli_ susceptibility to amoxicillin [4,5]. An American study of urinary _E. coli_ isolates (2274 men, 32 265 women) has described age- and sex-specific antibiotic susceptibility patterns for ampicillin, amoxicillin clavulanate, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid susceptibility was similar in men and women (56.9% vs. 67.3%). Age-specific susceptibilities differed between men and women for all antibiotics studieds except trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. However, the magnitude of the observed differences was generally less than 5% and the authors suggest that they may not represent clinically meaningful differences [6]. In contrast to this a Portuguese retrospective analysis of urinary samples (34 898 (22%) from men and 120 691 (78%) from women ) amoxicillin resistance was more common in male urinary samples positive for _E. coli_ and_ P. mirabilis_ [7]. Also an Austrian study found amoxicillin resistance rates to be higher in male urinary samples positive for _E.coli_ (24 967 (21%) from men and 95 068 (79%) from women) [8]. An American meta-analysis (in total 3624 men and women) evaluating risk factors for resistance to _H. pylori_ found no association between amoxicillin resistance and patient’s sex [9]. Urine cultures from pediatric patients (aged 0-36 months) at an emergency department was analyzed for age- and sex-specific differences. Fewer boys than girls were cultured at all ages, but their overall positive culture rate was higher than for girls (10.9% vs. 8.4%). Boys had a higher proportion of Gram-positive organisms than girls (52.3% vs. 18.6%), which suggests that boys might benefit more from trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid than from third-generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone) [10]. The benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing infections after craniotomy has been evaluated based on surveillance data of infections after craniotomy (one including 4 878 men and women, the other study 3134 men, 3109 women) [11,12]. In both studies, patients received cloxacillin or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Results showed that antibiotic prophylaxis decreased infections rates [11] but did not prevent meningitis [12]. Male sex was among risk factors for infection and meningitis. # Adverse effects Amoxicillin use is associated with antibiotic-induced rash. In a retrospective study of pediatric patients (106 boys, 132 girls; mean age 6.13 years) with Epstein Barr acute infectious mononucleosis, amoxicillin was associated with higher incidence of antibiotic-induced rash than penicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalosporines, and macrolides. Nno sex differences in rash incidence were seen between patients who did and did not develop antibiotic-induced rash [13]. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid can induce idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Clinical studies have reported a higher incidence of DILI in women with certain drugs such as nitrofurantoin, flucloxacillin, erythromycin and isoniazid [14]. A study of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid induced DILI (35 men, 26 women) showed association with certain HLA I and II genotypes [15]. Probiotic supplement to reduce occurrence of side effects of _H. pylori_ infection were evaluated in a Spanish randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients with _H. pylori_ infection (78 men, 131 women) received one of two eradication treatments (PPI, clarithromycin and amoxicillin, or PPI, clarithromycin, amoxicillin and metronidazole) were randomized to either receive probiotic or placebo. Female sex and quadruple therapy were independent predictors of side effects (taste disturbance, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, bloating, nausea and vomiting) [16]. # Reproductive health issues Regarding teratogenic aspects, please consult Janusmed Drugs and Birth Defects (in Swedish, Janusmed fosterpåverkan).
Försäljning på recept

Visa hela försäljning på recept

Fler kvinnor än män hämtade ut läkemedel innehållande amoxicillin (ATC-kod J01CA04) på recept i Sverige år 2019, totalt 72 699 kvinnor och 65 324 män. Det motsvarar 14 respektive 13 personer per tusen invånare. Andelen som hämtat ut läkemedel var högst i åldersgrupperna 0-4 år och 70 år och äldre hos båda könen. I åldersgrupperna 0-4 år och 75 år och äldre var läkemedel innehållande amoxicillin i genomsnitt 1,3 gånger vanligare hos pojkar/män och i åldersgruppen 10-69 år i genomsnitt 1,4 gånger vanligare hos flickor/kvinnor [17].
Referenser

Visa referenser

  1. Philipson A, Sabath LD, Rosner B. Sequence effect on ampicillin blood levels noted in an amoxicillin, ampicillin, and epicillin triple crossover study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1975;8:311-20.

  2. Andrew MA, Easterling TR, Carr DB, Shen D, Buchanan ML, Rutherford T et al. Amoxicillin pharmacokinetics in pregnant women: modeling and simulations of dosage strategies. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007;81:547-56.

  3. Amimox (amoxicillin). Summary of Product Characteristics. Swedish Medical Products Agency [updated 2019-10-23, cited 2020-04-22]

  4. den Heijer CD, Donker GA, Maes J, Stobberingh EE. Antibiotic susceptibility of unselected uropathogenic Escherichia coli from female Dutch general practice patients: a comparison of two surveys with a 5 year interval. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010;65:2128-33.

  5. den Heijer CD, Penders J, Donker GA, Bruggeman CA, Stobberingh EE. The importance of gender-stratified antibiotic resistance surveillance of unselected uropathogens: a Dutch Nationwide Extramural Surveillance study. PLoS One. 2013;8:e60497.

  6. McGregor JC, Elman MR, Bearden DT, Smith DH. Sex- and age-specific trends in antibiotic resistance patterns of Escherichia coli urinary isolates from outpatients. BMC Fam Pract. 2013;14:25.

  7. Linhares I, Raposo T, Rodrigues A, Almeida A. Frequency and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria implicated in community urinary tract infections: a ten-year surveillance study (2000-2009). BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13:19.

  8. Badura A, Feierl G, Pregartner G, Krause R, Grisold AJ. Antibiotic resistance patterns of more than 120 000 clinical Escherichia coli isolates in Southeast Austria, 1998-2013. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015;21(6):569e1-7.

  9. Meyer JM, Silliman NP, Wang W, Siepman NY, Sugg JE, Morris D, Zhang J, Bhattacharyya H, King EC, Hopkins RJ. Risk factors for Helicobacter pylori resistance in the United States: the surveillance of H pylori antimicrobial resistance partnership (SHARP) study, 1993-1999. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136(1):13-24.

  10. Frumkin K. Bacteriology of urinary tract infections in emergency patients aged 0-36 months. J Emerg Med. 2015;84(4):405-15.

  11. Korinek AM, Golmard JL, Elcheick A, Bismuth R, van Effenterre R, Coriat P et al. Risk factors for neurosurgical site infections after craniotomy: a critical reappraisal of antibiotic prophylaxis on 4,578 patients. Br J Neurosurg. 2005;19:155-62.

  12. Korinek AM, Baugnon T, Golmard JL, van Effenterre R, Coriat P, Puybasset L. Risk factors for adult nosocomial meningitis after craniotomy: role of antibiotic prophylaxis. Neurosurgery. 2006;59:126-33; discussion 126-33.

  13. Chovel-Sella A, Ben Tov A, Lahav E, Mor O, Rudich H, Paret G et al. Incidence of rash after amoxicillin treatment in children with infectious mononucleosis. Pediatrics. 2013;131(5):e1424-7.

  14. Leise MD, Poterucha JJ, Talwalkar JA. Drug-induced liver injury. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014;89:95-106.

  15. Donaldson PT, Daly AK, Henderson J, Graham J, Pirmohamed M, Bernal W et al. Human leucocyte antigen class II genotype in susceptibility and resistance to co-amoxiclav-induced liver injury. J Hepatol. 2010;53:1049-53.

  16. McNicholl AG, Molina-Infante J, Lucendo AJ, Calleja JL, Pérez-Aisa Á, Modolell I, Aldeguer X, Calafat M, Comino L, Ramas M, Callejo Á, Badiola C, Serra J, Gisbert JP. Probiotic supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici for Helicobacter pylori therapy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Helicobacter. 2018;23(5):0.

  17. Statistikdatabas för läkemedel. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen. 2019 [cited 2020-03-10.]

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  14. Leise MD, Poterucha JJ, Talwalkar JA. Drug-induced liver injury. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014;89:95-106.
  15. Donaldson PT, Daly AK, Henderson J, Graham J, Pirmohamed M, Bernal W et al. Human leucocyte antigen class II genotype in susceptibility and resistance to co-amoxiclav-induced liver injury. J Hepatol. 2010;53:1049-53.
  16. McNicholl AG, Molina-Infante J, Lucendo AJ, Calleja JL, Pérez-Aisa Á, Modolell I, Aldeguer X, Calafat M, Comino L, Ramas M, Callejo Á, Badiola C, Serra J, Gisbert JP. Probiotic supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici for Helicobacter pylori therapy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Helicobacter. 2018;23(5):0.
  17. Statistikdatabas för läkemedel. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen. 2019 [cited 2020-03-10.]
Uppdaterat

Litteratursökningsdatum: 4/22/2020

Litteratursökningsdatum: 4/22/2020
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Ampicillin

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Trimetoprim + sulfametoxazol